The Samurai Gourami (*Sphaerichthys vaillanti*), also known as Vaillant’s Chocolate Gourami, is a rare and striking freshwater fish admired for its bold coloration and unique charm. Originating from the slow-moving, blackwater streams and peat swamps of Borneo, this species thrives in soft, acidic waters rich in tannins, which give their habitat its signature tea-colored appearance.

What sets the Samurai Gourami apart is its stunning pattern. Unlike the more common Chocolate Gourami, this species displays a striking combination of deep reddish-brown to maroon coloration with bold vertical green or turquoise stripes. The contrast of these colors gives them a regal, almost armor-like appearance—hence the name “Samurai.”

Samurai Gouramis are relatively small, reaching about 2–2.5 inches in length. They are peaceful, slow-moving fish that prefer calm, heavily planted aquariums with plenty of hiding places created by driftwood, leaf litter, and live plants. Because of their shy and delicate nature, they are best kept in species-only tanks or with very gentle, non-aggressive tankmates.

These gouramis require very stable water conditions, preferring soft, acidic water with a pH between 4.0–6.5 and temperatures of 76–82°F. Their sensitivity makes them more suitable for experienced aquarists who can provide the specialized care they need.

Feeding Samurai Gouramis can be a bit challenging, as they often prefer live foods such as daphnia, mosquito larvae, and brine shrimp, though with patience they may accept high-quality frozen or prepared foods. Providing a varied diet is important to keep them healthy and bring out their vibrant colors.

An interesting trait of the Samurai Gourami is its breeding behavior. Like other chocolate gouramis, they are mouthbrooders—meaning the female carries the fertilized eggs in her mouth until the fry are ready to be released, offering them protection in their earliest stages of life.

With the right setup, Samurai Gouramis can live 4–5 years. Their rarity, delicate requirements, and exquisite beauty make them a prized choice for aquarists who enjoy keeping unique and challenging species.